Malaria transmitted11/16/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Warm temperatures are also required for malaria parasites to complete their growth cycle within the mosquitoes. Thus, tropical and subtropical areas are ideal. Anopheles mosquitoes thrive in regions with warm temperatures, humid conditions, and high rainfall. Regions where the climate is ideal for the Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit malaria parasites are more prone to the disease. The geographic distribution of malaria depends on the climate. Most of the people who die from malaria are children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Over one million of those people die from the disease. ![]() Each year there are between 350 million and 500 million cases of malaria worldwide. While most infected individuals recover from malaria, it can cause death, especially in children. Malaria causes the infected person to develop a fever and flu-like symptoms. When that mosquito bites another person, that person becomes infected with the parasite too. When an Anopheles mosquito bites a person infected with the malaria parasite, the mosquito becomes a carrier of the disease. Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium falciparum and is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes (pictured above). While future climate change is expected to continue to alter the distribution of disease vectors, it is important to recognize that there are several other factors (such as changes in land use, population density, and human behavior) that can also change the distribution of disease vectors as well as the extent of infection.Įxamples of two diseases transmitted via vectors, malaria and dengue, and the potential impacts of climate change on each are described below. Ticks have extended their range north in Sweden and Canada and into higher altitudes in the Czech Republic. For example, there is evidence that the geographic range of ticks and mosquitoes that carry disease has expanded as warmer temperatures spread poleward. Because the vectors are sensitive to climate, their distribution and numbers are already being altered by climate change. If those breeding mosquitoes happen to be a species that can transmit disease and if there is an infected population in the region, then the disease is more likely to spread in that area. For example, warm and wet environments are excellent places for mosquitoes to breed. In general, climate plays an important role in the seasonal pattern or temporal distribution of diseases that are carried and transmitted through vectors because the vector animals often thrive in particular climate conditions. James Gathany, Center for Disease Control and Prevention The blood that this mosquito ingested is visible through its abdomen. The Anopheles minimus mosquito, a malaria vector that carries the drug-resistant malaria parasite P. Different vectors carry different diseases such as malaria, dengue, encephalitis, African sleeping sickness, and yellow fever. Other non-arthropod vectors can include rodents such as rats, certain bats, a species of aquatic snail, and several species of wild birds. These arthropods that carry and transmit diseases are known as vectors. Or it might be a less familiar species such as an African Tsetse fly or copepod. The arthropod could be something rather familiar, like a mosquito, tick, or black fly. Vector-borne diseases are transmitted typically by the bite of an infected arthropod. ![]()
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